Shisan Zukan
日本語

Largest estimated dividend income (from #7401)

Estimated annual dividends received: shares held × dividend per share, including asset-management companies. (24,470 people)

IndividualsNet worthTotal incomeDividendsTaxesInheritance tax
Corporate shareholdersCorporate holdersCorporate dividends
RankName Net worthPayDividendsTotal incomeTaxes
7401 Katsuhiro Takagi
Toei Animation Co.,Ltd., President & Representative Director
Worth ¥661MPay ¥38.9Mest.Income ¥41.7MTax ¥15.5M
 ¥661M ¥38.9Mest. ¥2.8M ¥41.7M ¥15.5M
7402 合田 洋之
Tadano Ltd., Director
Worth ¥240MPay ¥98.0Mest.Income ¥101MTax ¥48.3M
 ¥240M ¥98.0Mest. ¥2.8M ¥101M ¥48.3M
7403 Goichi Nishiguchi
Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd., Representative Director
Worth ¥250MPay ¥54.6Mest.Income ¥57.3MTax ¥24.0M
 ¥250M ¥54.6Mest. ¥2.8M ¥57.3M ¥24.0M
7404 中村 篤志
Nippo Ltd., Director (+1 more)
Worth ¥76.2MIncome ¥2.8MTax ¥568,131
 ¥76.2M — ¥2.8M ¥2.8M ¥568,131
7405 Yuko Mukunoki
Gourmet Kineya Co.,Ltd.
Worth ¥624MIncome ¥2.8MTax ¥568,131
 ¥624M — ¥2.8M ¥2.8M ¥568,131
7406 橋爪 康至
OUG Holdings Inc., President & Representative Director
Worth ¥117MPay ¥13.1Mest.Income ¥15.9MTax ¥2.8M
 ¥117M ¥13.1Mest. ¥2.8M ¥15.9M ¥2.8M
7407 Koichi Tsusaki
miratap inc., Executive Vice President & Director
Worth ¥598MPay ¥123Mest.Income ¥126MTax ¥63.2M
 ¥598M ¥123Mest. ¥2.8M ¥126M ¥63.2M
7408 Masako Nishikawa
Mullion Co.,Ltd.
Worth ¥223MIncome ¥2.8MTax ¥161,152
 ¥223M — ¥2.8M ¥2.8M ¥161,152
7409 Yuuki Yoshida
株式会社ベガコーポレーション, Director
Worth ¥281MIncome ¥2.8MTax ¥566,892
 ¥281M — ¥2.8M ¥2.8M ¥566,892
7410 Akira Endo
T&S Group Inc.
Worth ¥655MIncome ¥2.8MTax ¥160,792
 ¥655M — ¥2.8M ¥2.8M ¥160,792
7411 佐藤 公平
SBIリーシングサービス株式会社, Chairman, President & Representative Director
Worth ¥144MPay ¥39.0Mest.Income ¥41.8MTax ¥15.5M
 ¥144M ¥39.0Mest. ¥2.8M ¥41.8M ¥15.5M
7412 Rinkichi Yokoyama
Asahi Rubber Inc.
Worth ¥188MIncome ¥2.8MTax ¥565,694
 ¥188M — ¥2.8M ¥2.8M ¥565,694
7413 小野 将
Onoken Co.,Ltd., Director
Worth ¥107MPay ¥83.8Mest.Income ¥86.5MTax ¥40.3M
 ¥107M ¥83.8Mest. ¥2.8M ¥86.5M ¥40.3M
7414 高嶋 博
BP Castrol K.K.
Worth ¥57.7MIncome ¥2.8MTax ¥565,694
 ¥57.7M — ¥2.8M ¥2.8M ¥565,694
7415 山口 真宏
Isuzu Motors Limited, Representative Director, CEO
Worth ¥238MPay ¥118Mest.Income ¥121MTax ¥59.7M
 ¥238M ¥118Mest. ¥2.8M ¥121M ¥59.7M
7416 Takeshi Shichijo
Mizuno Corporation, Senior Managing Director & Representative Director
Worth ¥336MPay ¥64.6Mest.Income ¥67.4MTax ¥29.6M
 ¥336M ¥64.6Mest. ¥2.8M ¥67.4M ¥29.6M
7417 小林 修
Nichireki Group Co., Ltd., Director (+2 more)
Worth ¥85.2MIncome ¥2.8MTax ¥565,694
 ¥85.2M — ¥2.8M ¥2.8M ¥565,694
7418 Yuji Nitta
Sanei Ltd., Managing Director
Worth ¥213MPay ¥46.1Mest.Income ¥48.9MTax ¥19.2M
 ¥213M ¥46.1Mest. ¥2.8M ¥48.9M ¥19.2M
7419 中島 太
HIMACS,Ltd., President & Representative Director
Worth ¥203MPay ¥27.7Mest.Income ¥30.4MTax ¥9.8M
 ¥203M ¥27.7Mest. ¥2.8M ¥30.4M ¥9.8M
7420 髙山 芳之
MUTOHホールディングス株式会社, Director
Worth ¥79.5MIncome ¥2.8MTax ¥565,694
 ¥79.5M — ¥2.8M ¥2.8M ¥565,694
7421 勝丸 千晶
Anabuki Kosan Inc., Director (+2 more)
Worth ¥130MIncome ¥2.8MTax ¥565,653
 ¥130M — ¥2.8M ¥2.8M ¥565,653
7422 Yasuyuki Suzuki
Yakult Honsha Co.,Ltd., Director (+2 more)
Worth ¥232MIncome ¥2.8MTax ¥565,516
 ¥232M — ¥2.8M ¥2.8M ¥565,516
7423 Nobuhiro Matsumoto
Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd., Representative Director
Worth ¥372MPay ¥147MIncome ¥150MTax ¥75.7M
 ¥372M ¥147M ¥2.8M ¥150M ¥75.7M
7424 Koichi Sato
Nippon Seiki Co.,Ltd., Chairman & Representative Director (+3 more)
Worth ¥1.0BPay ¥128Mest.Income ¥131MTax ¥65.3M
 ¥1.0B ¥128Mest. ¥2.8M ¥131M ¥65.3M
7425 Ken Harada
Base, Inc., Director, CFO (+1 more)
Worth ¥298MPay ¥83.0Mest.Income ¥85.8MTax ¥39.9M
 ¥298M ¥83.0Mest. ¥2.8M ¥85.8M ¥39.9M
7426 西尾 寛
Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Full-time Audit & Supervisory Board Member
Worth ¥140MPay ¥36.0Mest.Income ¥38.8MTax ¥14.0M
 ¥140M ¥36.0Mest. ¥2.8M ¥38.8M ¥14.0M
7427 Katsuro Oguri
株式会社岐阜造園
Worth ¥531MIncome ¥2.8MTax ¥564,913
 ¥531M — ¥2.8M ¥2.8M ¥564,913
7428 Masahiro Seino
Miyairi Valve Mfg.Co., Ltd.
Worth ¥300MIncome ¥2.8MTax ¥564,678
 ¥300M — ¥2.8M ¥2.8M ¥564,678
7429 玉井 史郎
Pca Corporation, Managing Director
Worth ¥153MPay ¥27.5Mest.Income ¥30.3MTax ¥9.7M
 ¥153M ¥27.5Mest. ¥2.8M ¥30.3M ¥9.7M
7430 依藤 敏明
Nippon Air Conditioning Services Co., Ltd., President & Representative Director
Worth ¥154MPay ¥36.0Mest.Income ¥38.8MTax ¥14.0M
 ¥154M ¥36.0Mest. ¥2.8M ¥38.8M ¥14.0M
7431 岡本 正敏
Fuji Latex Co.,Ltd.
Worth ¥83.0MIncome ¥2.8MTax ¥564,475
 ¥83.0M — ¥2.8M ¥2.8M ¥564,475
7432 佐藤 文則
Innovation Inc.
Worth ¥79.3MIncome ¥2.8MTax ¥564,068
 ¥79.3M — ¥2.8M ¥2.8M ¥564,068
7433 三谷 正芳
Meiko Trans Co.,Ltd., Director
Worth ¥142MPay ¥38.8Mest.Income ¥41.6MTax ¥15.4M
 ¥142M ¥38.8Mest. ¥2.8M ¥41.6M ¥15.4M
7434 川合 満
Tose Co.,Ltd.
Worth ¥78.1MIncome ¥2.8MTax ¥563,662
 ¥78.1M — ¥2.8M ¥2.8M ¥563,662
7435 井川 照彦
Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Director
Worth ¥213MPay ¥31.7Mest.Income ¥34.4MTax ¥11.8M
 ¥213M ¥31.7Mest. ¥2.7M ¥34.4M ¥11.8M
7436 Ryota Ishibashi
TRIAL Holdings, Inc., Director
Worth ¥490MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥563,439
 ¥490M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥563,439
7437 Tsutomu Hayase
Needs Well Inc.
Worth ¥127MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥563,256
 ¥127M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥563,256
7438 Tsubasa Ooya
ONEX Corporation, Senior Managing Director
Worth ¥257MPay ¥8.6Mest.Income ¥11.4MTax ¥1.5M
 ¥257M ¥8.6Mest. ¥2.7M ¥11.4M ¥1.5M
7439 Hideji Onagaya
Koito Manufacturing Co.,Ltd., Representative Director
Worth ¥446MPay ¥102Mest.Income ¥105MTax ¥50.7M
 ¥446M ¥102Mest. ¥2.7M ¥105M ¥50.7M
7440 Mitsuo Kikuchi
Koito Manufacturing Co.,Ltd., Full-time Audit & Supervisory Board Member
Worth ¥273MPay ¥36.5Mest.Income ¥39.2MTax ¥14.3M
 ¥273M ¥36.5Mest. ¥2.7M ¥39.2M ¥14.3M
7441 Ryoichi Yahata
Kusuri No Aoki Holdings Co., Ltd., Director
Worth ¥188MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥562,443
 ¥188M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥562,443
7442 吉原 美智代
Rococo Co. Ltd., Senior Managing Director
Worth ¥148MPay ¥39.9Mest.Income ¥42.7MTax ¥16.0M
 ¥148M ¥39.9Mest. ¥2.7M ¥42.7M ¥16.0M
7443 黒澤 博
Synclayer Inc.
Worth ¥78.1MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥562,443
 ¥78.1M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥562,443
7444 丸岡 範夫
The Kiyo Bank, Ltd., Director
Worth ¥214MPay ¥40.1Mest.Income ¥42.9MTax ¥16.1M
 ¥214M ¥40.1Mest. ¥2.7M ¥42.9M ¥16.1M
7445 Kazuyuki Morikawa
Zeta Inc, Director, CFO
Worth ¥633MPay ¥48.4Mest.Income ¥51.1MTax ¥20.5M
 ¥633M ¥48.4Mest. ¥2.7M ¥51.1M ¥20.5M
7446 水島 育大
Hamee Corp., President & Representative Director
Worth ¥174MPay ¥30.6Mest.Income ¥33.4MTax ¥11.3M
 ¥174M ¥30.6Mest. ¥2.7M ¥33.4M ¥11.3M
7447 中田 一男
AZEARTH Corporation
Worth ¥83.8MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥561,021
 ¥83.8M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥561,021
7448 黒野 透
Nitto Kogyo Corporation, Representative Director, COO
Worth ¥241MPay ¥44.2Mest.Income ¥47.0MTax ¥18.2M
 ¥241M ¥44.2Mest. ¥2.7M ¥47.0M ¥18.2M
7449 寺畑 雅史
JFE Holdings,Inc., Director
Worth ¥279MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥560,818
 ¥279M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥560,818
7450 西川 弘典
Tokyu Fudosan Holdings Corporation, Representative Director
Worth ¥223MPay ¥41.5Mest.Income ¥44.2MTax ¥16.8M
 ¥223M ¥41.5Mest. ¥2.7M ¥44.2M ¥16.8M
7451 北川 宏
Kitagawa Corporation, Representative Director
Worth ¥177MPay ¥48.0Mest.Income ¥50.7MTax ¥20.3M
 ¥177M ¥48.0Mest. ¥2.7M ¥50.7M ¥20.3M
7452 菖蒲田 清孝
Mazda Motor Corporation, Chairman & Representative Director (+1 more)
Worth ¥356MPay ¥143Mest.Income ¥145MTax ¥73.2M
 ¥356M ¥143Mest. ¥2.7M ¥145M ¥73.2M
7453 Ichiro Nakajo
GMO GlobalSign Holdings K.K., Executive Vice President & Director
Worth ¥775MPay ¥31.6Mest.Income ¥34.4MTax ¥11.8M
 ¥775M ¥31.6Mest. ¥2.7M ¥34.4M ¥11.8M
7454 有村 芳文
shoei corporation
Worth ¥94.8MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥559,599
 ¥94.8M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥559,599
7455 Saeko Goto
Hagoromo Foods Corporation, President & Representative Director
Worth ¥260MPay ¥30.6Mest.Income ¥33.4MTax ¥11.3M
 ¥260M ¥30.6Mest. ¥2.7M ¥33.4M ¥11.3M
7456 Yoshiharu Takamizawa
Takamisawa Co., Ltd.
Worth ¥136MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥559,599
 ¥136M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥559,599
7457 小淵 秀範
Toagosei Co., Ltd., President & Representative Director, COO
Worth ¥124MPay ¥33.3Mest.Income ¥36.1MTax ¥12.6M
 ¥124M ¥33.3Mest. ¥2.7M ¥36.1M ¥12.6M
7458 二見 陽子
T&D Holdings, Inc., Director
Worth ¥133MPay ¥39.4Mest.Income ¥42.2MTax ¥15.7M
 ¥133M ¥39.4Mest. ¥2.7M ¥42.2M ¥15.7M
7459 Kojiro Baba
サンユー建設株式会社, President & Representative Director
Worth ¥175MPay ¥18.0Mest.Income ¥20.7MTax ¥4.9M
 ¥175M ¥18.0Mest. ¥2.7M ¥20.7M ¥4.9M
7460 Hiroshi Kano
Kyocera Corporation, Director
Worth ¥154MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥559,419
 ¥154M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥559,419
7461 Jun Kondo
The Gunma Bank, Ltd., Director
Worth ¥96.4MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥559,193
 ¥96.4M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥559,193
7462 南川 典人
Tanabe Consulting Group Co.,Ltd., Senior Managing Director
Worth ¥240MPay ¥36.8Mest.Income ¥39.6MTax ¥14.4M
 ¥240M ¥36.8Mest. ¥2.7M ¥39.6M ¥14.4M
7463 Takatakenori Shinkawa
Gokurakuyu Holdings Co.,Ltd., Chairman, President & Representative Director, CEO
Worth ¥589MPay ¥31.2Mest.Income ¥33.9MTax ¥11.6M
 ¥589M ¥31.2Mest. ¥2.7M ¥33.9M ¥11.6M
7464 Kayo Okumura
Nippon Shikizai, Inc., President & Representative Director, COO
Worth ¥163MPay ¥24.3Mest.Income ¥27.0MTax ¥8.7M
 ¥163M ¥24.3Mest. ¥2.7M ¥27.0M ¥8.7M
7465 Masaki Koro Yasutsu
KLASS Corporation, President & Representative Director
Worth ¥427MPay ¥3.7Mest.Income ¥6.4MTax ¥473,643
 ¥427M ¥3.7Mest. ¥2.7M ¥6.4M ¥473,643
7466 吉田 裕司
Mori-Gumi Co., Ltd., Director
Worth ¥145MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥557,893
 ¥145M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥557,893
7467 渡邉 秀典
Kyodo Printing Co., Ltd., Executive Vice President & Director
Worth ¥243MPay ¥32.8Mest.Income ¥35.5MTax ¥12.3M
 ¥243M ¥32.8Mest. ¥2.7M ¥35.5M ¥12.3M
7468 Hironari Uematsu
Daikin Industries, Ltd., Audit & Supervisory Board Member
Worth ¥302MPay ¥40.0Mest.Income ¥42.7MTax ¥16.0M
 ¥302M ¥40.0Mest. ¥2.7M ¥42.7M ¥16.0M
7469 Shingo Hamada
Nissui Corporation, Representative Director (+1 more)
Worth ¥296MPay ¥57.0Mest.Income ¥59.7MTax ¥25.3M
 ¥296M ¥57.0Mest. ¥2.7M ¥59.7M ¥25.3M
7470 照井 則男
AOKI Holdings Inc., Executive Vice President & Director (+1 more)
Worth ¥173MPay ¥36.0Mest.Income ¥38.7MTax ¥14.0M
 ¥173M ¥36.0Mest. ¥2.7M ¥38.7M ¥14.0M
7471 谷口 岩昭
Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Director
Worth ¥204MPay ¥93.4Mest.Income ¥96.1MTax ¥45.7M
 ¥204M ¥93.4Mest. ¥2.7M ¥96.1M ¥45.7M
7472 Toshiaki Nagazato
Meiji Holdings Co., Ltd., Director, COO
Worth ¥126MPay ¥42.3Mest.Income ¥45.0MTax ¥17.2M
 ¥126M ¥42.3Mest. ¥2.7M ¥45.0M ¥17.2M
7473 Nariyuki Ota
Daiei Kankyo Co., Ltd., Director
Worth ¥269MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥557,344
 ¥269M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥557,344
7474 香田 昌司
Tsubakimoto Kogyo Co.,Ltd., Representative Director, COO
Worth ¥297MPay ¥63.5Mest.Income ¥66.2MTax ¥29.0M
 ¥297M ¥63.5Mest. ¥2.7M ¥66.2M ¥29.0M
7475 Masatoshi Miyamoto
JVCKENWOOD Corporation, Executive Vice President & Representative Director, CFO
Worth ¥326MPay ¥54.3Mest.Income ¥57.1MTax ¥23.8M
 ¥326M ¥54.3Mest. ¥2.7M ¥57.1M ¥23.8M
7476 Yuki Hori
Nittoh Corporation
Worth ¥114MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥157,696
 ¥114M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥157,696
7477 金本 秀雄
Kawagishi Bridge Works Co.,Ltd., Chairman & Representative Director
Worth ¥172MPay ¥23.3Mest.Income ¥26.0MTax ¥7.2M
 ¥172M ¥23.3Mest. ¥2.7M ¥26.0M ¥7.2M
7478 吉田 満
ASTMAX Co., Ltd. (+1 more)
Worth ¥124MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥556,917
 ¥124M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥556,917
7479 西山裕
Career Design Center Co.,Ltd., Senior Managing Director
Worth ¥189MPay ¥69.1Mest.Income ¥71.8MTax ¥32.1M
 ¥189M ¥69.1Mest. ¥2.7M ¥71.8M ¥32.1M
7480 安本 雅洋
Saftec Co.,Ltd.
Worth ¥84.1MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥555,942
 ¥84.1M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥555,942
7481 浅田 英樹
Daihatsu Infinearth Mfg.Co.,Ltd., Director
Worth ¥175MPay ¥51.8Mest.Income ¥54.5MTax ¥22.4M
 ¥175M ¥51.8Mest. ¥2.7M ¥54.5M ¥22.4M
7482 Yuki Aida
baudroie,inc.
Worth ¥676MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥555,191
 ¥676M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥555,191
7483 Kotaro Kanno
こころネット株式会社, President & Representative Director
Worth ¥160MPay ¥11.2Mest.Income ¥13.9MTax ¥2.3M
 ¥160M ¥11.2Mest. ¥2.7M ¥13.9M ¥2.3M
7484 渥美 謙介
NIPPON PARKING DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd., Managing Director (+1 more)
Worth ¥172MPay ¥20.0Mest.Income ¥22.7MTax ¥5.8M
 ¥172M ¥20.0Mest. ¥2.7M ¥22.7M ¥5.8M
7485 小島 恵美子
Tein,Inc.
Worth ¥79.9MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥554,317
 ¥79.9M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥554,317
7486 Hironaga Fukuo
The Chiba Bank, Ltd., Full-time Audit & Supervisory Board Member
Worth ¥166MPay ¥28.0Mest.Income ¥30.7MTax ¥9.9M
 ¥166M ¥28.0Mest. ¥2.7M ¥30.7M ¥9.9M
7487 小沢 隆徳
GSI Co., Ltd., President & Representative Director
Worth ¥100MPay ¥14.0Mest.Income ¥16.7MTax ¥3.1M
 ¥100M ¥14.0Mest. ¥2.7M ¥16.7M ¥3.1M
7488 Takaaki Nishioka
Human Metabolome Technologies, Inc.
Worth ¥99.0MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥553,505
 ¥99.0M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥553,505
7489 Teru Hoshi
Hoshiiryo-Sanki Co., Ltd., Director
Worth ¥203MPay ¥37.5Mest.Income ¥40.2MTax ¥14.8M
 ¥203M ¥37.5Mest. ¥2.7M ¥40.2M ¥14.8M
7490 Tetsu Hoshi
Hoshiiryo-Sanki Co., Ltd., Director
Worth ¥162MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥553,505
 ¥162M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥553,505
7491 工藤 博丈
Cados Corporation, President & Representative Director
Worth ¥93.1MPay ¥17.5Mest.Income ¥20.2MTax ¥4.6M
 ¥93.1M ¥17.5Mest. ¥2.7M ¥20.2M ¥4.6M
7492 岩本 一也
Art Vivant Co.,Ltd., Director
Worth ¥75.4MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥553,505
 ¥75.4M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥553,505
7493 Kan Sekiguchi
Sekichu Co.,Ltd.
Worth ¥111MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥553,505
 ¥111M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥553,505
7494 Futoshi Hiroki
BeeX inc., President & Representative Director
Worth ¥294MPay ¥21.8Mest.Income ¥24.5MTax ¥7.2M
 ¥294M ¥21.8Mest. ¥2.7M ¥24.5M ¥7.2M
7495 Takahiro Mori
EAT&HOLDINGS Co.,Ltd.
Worth ¥373MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥553,505
 ¥373M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥553,505
7496 Eiji Funahara
Itoki Corporation, Full-time Audit & Supervisory Board Member
Worth ¥166MPay ¥19.5Mest.Income ¥22.2MTax ¥5.5M
 ¥166M ¥19.5Mest. ¥2.7M ¥22.2M ¥5.5M
7497 後藤 富一郎
The Oita Bank, Ltd., Representative Director
Worth ¥177MPay ¥40.3Mest.Income ¥43.0MTax ¥16.2M
 ¥177M ¥40.3Mest. ¥2.7M ¥43.0M ¥16.2M
7498 Fumiko Yoshida
三光産業株式会社
Worth ¥125MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥156,256
 ¥125M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥156,256
7499 田中 康二
Takuma Co., Ltd., Director
Worth ¥231MIncome ¥2.7MTax ¥552,895
 ¥231M — ¥2.7M ¥2.7M ¥552,895
7500 Ryo Tobikawa
株式会社日宣, Representative Director, CEO
Worth ¥147MPay ¥28.8Mest.Income ¥31.5MTax ¥10.3M
 ¥147M ¥28.8Mest. ¥2.7M ¥31.5M ¥10.3M
Estimates from annual securities reports (EDINET). Names are romanized automatically. ¥ amounts: B = billion, T = trillion. Methodology